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WorkforceState

Workforce execution state for human intervention support.

WorkforceMode

Workforce execution mode for different task processing strategies.

WorkforceSnapshot

Snapshot of workforce state for resuming execution.

init

Workforce

A system where multiple worker nodes (agents) cooperate together to solve tasks. It can assign tasks to worker nodes and also take strategies such as create new worker, decompose tasks, etc. to handle situations when the task fails. The workforce uses three specialized ChatAgents internally:
  • Coordinator Agent: Assigns tasks to workers based on their capabilities
  • Task Planner Agent: Decomposes complex tasks and composes results
  • Dynamic Workers: Created at runtime when tasks fail repeatedly
Parameters:
  • description (str): Description of the workforce.
  • children (Optional[List[BaseNode]], optional): List of child nodes under this node. Each child node can be a worker node or another workforce node. (default: :obj:None)
  • coordinator_agent (Optional[ChatAgent], optional): A custom coordinator agent instance for task assignment and worker creation. If provided, the workforce will create a new agent using this agent’s model configuration but with the required system message and functionality. If None, a default agent will be created using DEFAULT model settings. (default: :obj:None)
  • task_agent (Optional[ChatAgent], optional): A custom task planning agent instance for task decomposition and composition. If provided, the workforce will create a new agent using this agent’s model configuration but with the required system message. If None, a default agent will be created using DEFAULT model settings. (default: :obj:None)
  • new_worker_agent (Optional[ChatAgent], optional): A template agent for workers created dynamically at runtime when existing workers cannot handle failed tasks. If None, workers will be created with default settings including SearchToolkit, CodeExecutionToolkit, and ThinkingToolkit. (default: :obj:None) default_model (Optional[Union[BaseModelBackend, ModelManager]], optional): Model backend or manager to use when creating default coordinator, task, or dynamic worker agents. If None, agents will be created using ModelPlatformType.DEFAULT and ModelType.DEFAULT settings. (default: :obj:None)
  • graceful_shutdown_timeout (float, optional): The timeout in seconds for graceful shutdown when a task fails 3 times. During this period, the workforce remains active for debugging. Set to 0 for immediate shutdown. (default: :obj:15.0)
  • task_timeout_seconds (Optional[float], optional): The timeout in seconds for waiting for tasks to be returned by workers. If None, uses the global TASK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS value (600.0 seconds). Increase this value for tasks that require more processing time. (default: :obj:None)
  • share_memory (bool, optional): Whether to enable shared memory across SingleAgentWorker instances in the workforce. When enabled, all SingleAgentWorker instances, coordinator agent, and task planning agent will share their complete conversation history and function-calling trajectory, providing better context for task handoffs and continuity. Note: Currently only supports SingleAgentWorker instances; RolePlayingWorker and nested Workforce instances do not participate in memory sharing. (default: :obj:False)
  • use_structured_output_handler (bool, optional): Whether to use the structured output handler instead of native structured output. When enabled, the workforce will use prompts with structured output instructions and regex extraction to parse responses. This ensures compatibility with agents that don’t reliably support native structured output. When disabled, the workforce uses the native response_format parameter. (default: :obj:True)
  • callbacks (Optional[List[WorkforceCallback]], optional): A list of callback handlers to observe and record workforce lifecycle events and metrics (e.g., task creation/assignment/start/completion/ failure, worker creation/deletion, all-tasks-completed). All items must be instances of :class:WorkforceCallback, otherwise
  • a: class:ValueError is raised. If none of the provided callbacks implement :class:WorkforceMetrics, a built-in :class:WorkforceLogger (implements both callback and metrics) is added automatically. If at least one provided callback
  • implements: class:WorkforceMetrics, no default logger is added. (default: :obj:None)
  • mode (WorkforceMode, optional): The execution mode for task processing. AUTO_DECOMPOSE mode uses intelligent recovery strategies (decompose, replan, etc.) when tasks fail. PIPELINE mode uses simple retry logic and allows failed tasks to continue the workflow, passing error information to dependent tasks. (default: :obj:WorkforceMode.AUTO_DECOMPOSE)
  • failure_handling_config (Optional[Union[FailureHandlingConfig, Dict]]): Configuration for customizing failure handling behavior. Can be a FailureHandlingConfig instance or a dict with the same fields. Allows fine-grained control over which recovery strategies are enabled, maximum retry attempts, and whether to halt on max retries. The enabled_strategies field accepts both enum values and string lists like ["retry", "replan"]. If None, uses default configuration with all strategies enabled. (default: :obj:None)
Note: When custom coordinator_agent or task_agent are provided, the workforce will preserve the user’s system message and append the required workforce coordination or task planning instructions to it. This ensures both the user’s intent is preserved and proper workforce functionality is maintained. All other agent configurations (model, memory, tools, etc.) will also be preserved.

init

_initialize_callbacks

Validate, register, and prime workforce callbacks.

_notify_worker_created

Emit a worker-created event to all registered callbacks.

_get_or_create_shared_context_utility

Get or create the shared context utility for workflow management. This method creates the context utility only when needed, avoiding unnecessary session folder creation during initialization. Parameters:
  • session_id (Optional[str]): Custom session ID to use. If None, auto-generates a timestamped session ID. (default: :obj:None)
Returns: ContextUtility: The shared context utility instance.

_get_role_identifier

Extract role identifier for organizing workflows. Uses priority fallback: role_name → agent_title (from WorkflowSummary) → sanitized description. Parameters:
  • worker (ChatAgent): The worker agent to extract role from.
  • description (str): Worker description to use as fallback.
  • workflow_summary (Optional[WorkflowSummary]): Optional WorkflowSummary object that may contain agent_title field.
Returns: str: Role identifier for organizing workflows.

_validate_agent_compatibility

Validate that agent configuration is compatible with workforce settings. Parameters:
  • agent (ChatAgent): The agent to validate.
  • agent_context (str): Context description for error messages.

_attach_pause_event_to_agent

Ensure the given ChatAgent shares this workforce’s pause_event. If the agent already has a different pause_event we overwrite it and emit a debug log (it is unlikely an agent needs multiple independent pause controls once managed by this workforce).

_ensure_pause_event_in_kwargs

Insert pause_event into kwargs dict for ChatAgent construction.

repr

set_mode

Set the execution mode of the workforce. This allows switching between AUTO_DECOMPOSE and PIPELINE modes. Useful when you want to reuse the same workforce instance for different task processing strategies. Parameters:
  • mode (WorkforceMode): The desired execution mode. - AUTO_DECOMPOSE: Intelligent task decomposition with recovery - PIPELINE: Predefined task pipeline with simple retry logic
Returns: Workforce: Self for method chaining.

_ensure_pipeline_builder

Returns: PipelineTaskBuilder: The initialized pipeline builder instance.

pipeline_add

Add a task to the pipeline with support for chaining. Accepts either a string for simple tasks or a Task object for advanced usage with metadata, images, or custom configurations. Parameters:
  • content (Union[str, Task]): The task content string or a Task object. If a Task object is provided, task_id and additional_info parameters are ignored.
  • task_id (str, optional): Unique identifier for the task. If None, a unique ID will be generated. Only used when content is a string. (default: :obj:None)
  • dependencies (List[str], optional): List of task IDs that this task depends on. If None and auto_depend=True, will depend on the last added task. (default: :obj:None)
  • additional_info (Dict[str, Any], optional): Additional information for the task. Only used when content is a string. (default: :obj:None)
  • auto_depend (bool, optional): If True and dependencies is None, automatically depend on the last added task. (default: :obj:True)
Returns: Workforce: Self for method chaining.

add_parallel_pipeline_tasks

Add multiple parallel tasks to the pipeline. Accepts either a list of strings for simple tasks or a list of Task objects for advanced usage with metadata, images, or custom configurations. Parameters:
  • task_contents (Union[List[str], List[Task]]): List of task content strings or Task objects. If Task objects are provided, task_id_prefix is ignored.
  • dependencies (List[str], optional): Common dependencies for all parallel tasks. (default: :obj:None)
  • task_id_prefix (str, optional): Prefix for generated task IDs. Only used when task_contents contains strings. (default: :obj:"parallel")
  • auto_depend (bool, optional): If True and dependencies is None, automatically depend on the last added task. (default: :obj:True)
Returns: Workforce: Self for method chaining.

add_sync_pipeline_task

Add a synchronization task that waits for multiple tasks. Accepts either a string for simple tasks or a Task object for advanced usage with metadata, images, or custom configurations. Parameters:
  • content (Union[str, Task]): Content of the synchronization task or a Task object. If a Task object is provided, task_id parameter is ignored.
  • wait_for (List[str], optional): List of task IDs to wait for. If None, will automatically wait for the last parallel tasks. (default: :obj:None)
  • task_id (str, optional): ID for the sync task. Only used when content is a string. (default: :obj:None)
Returns: Workforce: Self for method chaining.

pipeline_fork

Create parallel branches from the current task. Accepts either a list of strings for simple tasks or a list of Task objects for advanced usage with metadata, images, or custom configurations. Parameters:
  • task_contents (Union[List[str], List[Task]]): List of task content strings or Task objects for parallel execution.
Returns: Workforce: Self for method chaining.

pipeline_join

Join parallel branches with a synchronization task. Accepts either a string for simple tasks or a Task object for advanced usage with metadata, images, or custom configurations. Parameters:
  • content (Union[str, Task]): Content of the join/sync task or a Task object. If a Task object is provided, task_id parameter is ignored.
  • task_id (str, optional): ID for the sync task. Only used when content is a string. (default: :obj:None)
Returns: Workforce: Self for method chaining.

pipeline_build

Returns: Workforce: Self for method chaining.

get_pipeline_builder

Returns: PipelineTaskBuilder: The pipeline builder instance.

set_pipeline_tasks

Set predefined pipeline tasks for PIPELINE mode. Parameters:
  • tasks (List[Task]): List of tasks with dependencies already set. The dependencies should be Task objects in the Task.dependencies attribute.

_collect_shared_memory

Returns: Dict[str, List]: A dictionary mapping agent types to their memory records. Contains entries for ‘coordinator’, ‘task_agent’, and ‘workers’.

_share_memory_with_agents

Share collected memory with coordinator, task agent, and SingleAgentWorker instances. Parameters:
  • shared_memory (Dict[str, List]): Memory records collected from all agents to be shared.

_sync_shared_memory

Synchronize memory across all agents by collecting and sharing.

_update_dependencies_for_decomposition

Update dependency tracking when a task is decomposed into subtasks. Tasks that depended on the original task should now depend on all subtasks. The last subtask inherits the original task’s dependencies.

_increment_in_flight_tasks

Safely increment the in-flight tasks counter with logging.

_decrement_in_flight_tasks

Safely decrement the in-flight tasks counter with safety checks.

_cleanup_task_tracking

Clean up tracking data for a task to prevent memory leaks. Parameters:
  • task_id (str): The ID of the task to clean up.

_decompose_task

Decompose the task into subtasks. This method will also set the relationship between the task and its subtasks. Parameters:
  • task (Task): The task to decompose.
  • stream_callback (Callable[[ChatAgentResponse], None], optional): A callback function that receives each chunk (ChatAgentResponse) during streaming decomposition.
Returns: Union[List[Task], Generator[List[Task], None, None]]: The subtasks or generator of subtasks. Returns empty list for PIPELINE mode.

_get_available_strategies_text

Returns: str: Formatted text describing available strategies for the prompt.

_analyze_task

Unified task analysis for both failures and quality evaluation. This method consolidates the logic for analyzing task failures and evaluating task quality, using the unified TASK_ANALYSIS_PROMPT. Parameters:
  • task (Task): The task to analyze
  • for_failure (bool): True for failure analysis, False for quality evaluation
  • error_message (Optional[str]): Error message, required when for_failure=True
Returns: TaskAnalysisResult: Unified analysis result with recovery strategy and optional quality metrics

pause

Pause the workforce execution. If the internal event-loop is already running we schedule the asynchronous pause coroutine onto it. When the loop has not yet been created (e.g. the caller presses the hot-key immediately after workforce start-up) we fall back to a synchronous state change so that no tasks will be scheduled until the loop is ready.

resume

Resume execution after a manual pause.

stop_gracefully

Request workforce to finish current in-flight work then halt. Works both when the internal event-loop is alive and when it has not yet been started. In the latter case we simply mark the stop flag so that the loop (when it eventually starts) will exit immediately after initialisation.

stop_immediately

Force-stop without waiting for current tasks to finish. Note: Child nodes will receive stop signals but may still be cleaning up when this method returns.

skip_gracefully

Request workforce to skip current pending tasks and move to next main task from the queue. If no main tasks exist, acts like stop_gracefully. This method clears the current pending subtasks and moves to the next main task in the queue if available. Works both when the internal event-loop is alive and when it has not yet been started.

save_snapshot

Save current state as a snapshot.

list_snapshots

List all available snapshots.

get_pending_tasks

Get current pending tasks for human review.

get_completed_tasks

Get completed tasks.

modify_task_content

Modify the content of a pending task.

get_main_task_queue

Returns: List[Task]: List of main tasks waiting to be decomposed and executed.

add_task

Add a new task to the workforce. By default, this method adds a main task that will be decomposed into subtasks. Set as_subtask=True to add a task directly to the pending subtask queue without decomposition. Parameters:
  • content (str): The content of the task.
  • task_id (Optional[str], optional): Optional ID for the task. If not provided, a unique ID will be generated.
  • additional_info (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): Optional additional metadata for the task.
  • as_subtask (bool, optional): If True, adds the task directly to the pending subtask queue. If False, adds as a main task that will be decomposed. Defaults to False.
  • insert_position (int, optional): Position to insert the task in the pending queue. Only applies when as_subtask=True. Defaults to -1 (append to end).
Returns: Task: The created task object.

add_main_task

Add a new main task that will be decomposed into subtasks. This is an alias for :meth:add_task with as_subtask=False. Parameters:
  • content (str): The content of the main task.
  • task_id (Optional[str], optional): Optional ID for the task.
  • additional_info (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): Optional additional metadata.
Returns: Task: The created main task object.

add_subtask

Add a new subtask to the current pending queue. This is an alias for :meth:add_task with as_subtask=True. Parameters:
  • content (str): The content of the subtask.
  • task_id (Optional[str], optional): Optional ID for the task.
  • additional_info (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): Optional additional metadata.
  • insert_position (int, optional): Position to insert the task. Defaults to -1 (append to end).
Returns: Task: The created subtask object.

remove_task

Remove a task from the pending queue or main task queue. Parameters:
  • task_id (str): The ID of the task to remove.
Returns: bool: True if task was found and removed, False otherwise.

reorder_tasks

Reorder pending tasks according to the provided task IDs list.

resume_from_task

Resume execution from a specific task.

restore_from_snapshot

Restore workforce state from a snapshot.

get_workforce_status

Get current workforce status for human review.

_collect_pipeline_results

Collect results from all completed pipeline tasks.

_all_pipeline_tasks_successful

Returns: bool: True if all tasks completed successfully (DONE state), False if any tasks failed or are still pending.

process_task

Synchronous wrapper for process_task that handles async operations internally. Parameters:
  • task (Task): The task to be processed.
Returns: Task: The updated task.

_process_task_with_intervention

Process task with human intervention support. This creates and manages its own event loop to allow for pausing/resuming functionality. Parameters:
  • task (Task): The task to be processed.
Returns: Task: The updated task.

continue_from_pause

Returns: Optional[Task]: The completed task if execution finishes, None if still running/paused.

_start_child_node_when_paused

Helper to start a child node when workforce is paused. Parameters:
  • start_coroutine: The coroutine to start (e.g., worker_node.start())

add_single_agent_worker

Add a worker node to the workforce that uses a single agent. Can be called when workforce is paused to dynamically add workers. Parameters:
  • description (str): Description of the worker node.
  • worker (ChatAgent): The agent to be added.
  • pool_max_size (int): Maximum size of the agent pool. (default: :obj:10)
  • enable_workflow_memory (bool): Whether to enable workflow memory accumulation. Set to True if you plan to call save_workflow_memories(). (default: :obj:False)
Returns: Workforce: The workforce node itself.

add_role_playing_worker

Add a worker node to the workforce that uses RolePlaying system. Can be called when workforce is paused to dynamically add workers. Parameters:
  • description (str): Description of the node.
  • assistant_role_name (str): The role name of the assistant agent.
  • user_role_name (str): The role name of the user agent.
  • assistant_agent_kwargs (Optional[Dict]): The keyword arguments to initialize the assistant agent in the role playing, like the model name, etc. (default: :obj:None)
  • user_agent_kwargs (Optional[Dict]): The keyword arguments to initialize the user agent in the role playing, like the model name, etc. (default: :obj:None)
  • summarize_agent_kwargs (Optional[Dict]): The keyword arguments to initialize the summarize agent, like the model name, etc. (default: :obj:None)
  • chat_turn_limit (int): The maximum number of chat turns in the role playing. (default: :obj:3)
Returns: Workforce: The workforce node itself.

add_workforce

Add a workforce node to the workforce. Can be called when workforce is paused to dynamically add workers. Parameters:
  • workforce (Workforce): The workforce node to be added.
Returns: Workforce: The workforce node itself.

reset

Reset the workforce and all the child nodes under it. Can only be called when the workforce is not running.

save_workflow_memories

Returns: Dict[str, str]: Dictionary mapping worker node IDs to save results. Values are either file paths (success) or error messages (failure). Note: For better performance with multiple workers, use the async version:: results = await workforce.save_workflow_memories_async() See Also: :meth:save_workflow_memories_async: Async version with parallel processing for significantly better performance.

load_workflow_memories

Load workflow memories for all SingleAgentWorker instances in the workforce. This method iterates through all child workers and loads relevant workflow files for SingleAgentWorker instances using their load_workflow_memories() method. Workers match files based on their description names. Parameters:
  • session_id (Optional[str]): Specific workforce session ID to load from. If None, searches across all sessions. (default: :obj:None)
  • worker_max_workflows (int): Maximum number of workflow files to load per worker agent. (default: :obj:3)
  • coordinator_max_workflows (int): Maximum number of workflow files to load for the coordinator agent. (default: :obj:5)
  • task_agent_max_workflows (int): Maximum number of workflow files to load for the task planning agent. (default: :obj:3)
Returns: Dict[str, bool]: Dictionary mapping worker node IDs to load success status. True indicates successful loading, False indicates failure.

_load_management_agent_workflows

Load workflow summaries for coordinator and task planning agents. This method loads aggregated workflow summaries to help:
  • Coordinator agent: understand task assignment patterns and worker capabilities
  • Task agent: understand task decomposition patterns and successful strategies
Parameters:
  • coordinator_max_workflows (int): Maximum number of workflow files to load for the coordinator agent.
  • task_agent_max_workflows (int): Maximum number of workflow files to load for the task planning agent.
  • session_id (Optional[str]): Specific session ID to load from. If None, searches across all sessions.

set_channel

Set the channel for the node and all the child nodes under it.

_get_child_nodes_info

Get the information of all the child nodes under this node.

_get_node_info

Get descriptive information for a specific node type.

_get_single_agent_toolkit_info

Get formatted information for a SingleAgentWorker node.

_group_tools_by_toolkit

Group tools by their parent toolkit class names.

_get_valid_worker_ids

Returns: set: Set of valid worker IDs that can be assigned tasks.

_call_coordinator_for_assignment

Call coordinator agent to assign tasks with optional validation feedback in the case of invalid worker IDs. Parameters:
  • tasks (List[Task]): Tasks to assign.
  • invalid_ids (List[str], optional): Invalid worker IDs from previous attempt (if any).
Returns: TaskAssignResult: Assignment result from coordinator.

_validate_assignments

Validate task assignments against valid worker IDs. Parameters:
  • assignments (List[TaskAssignment]): Assignments to validate.
  • valid_ids (Set[str]): Set of valid worker IDs.
Returns: Tuple[List[TaskAssignment], List[TaskAssignment]]: (valid_assignments, invalid_assignments)

_update_task_dependencies_from_assignments

Update Task.dependencies with actual Task objects based on assignments. Parameters:
  • assignments (List[TaskAssignment]): The task assignments containing dependency IDs.
  • tasks (List[Task]): The tasks that were assigned.

get_workforce_log_tree

Returns an ASCII tree representation of the task hierarchy and worker status.

get_workforce_kpis

Returns a dictionary of key performance indicators.

dump_workforce_logs

Dumps all collected logs to a JSON file. Parameters:
  • file_path (str): The path to the JSON file.

_submit_coro_to_loop

Thread-safe submission of coroutine to the workforce loop.

stop

Forcefully stop the workforce and its children immediately. This is now an immediate stop (was previously a graceful lifecycle cleanup). It cancels child listeners, clears pending/in-flight tasks, and sets state to STOPPED without waiting for active work to finish.

clone

Creates a new instance of Workforce with the same configuration. Parameters:
  • with_memory (bool, optional): Whether to copy the memory (conversation history) to the new instance. If True, the new instance will have the same conversation history. If False, the new instance will have a fresh memory. (default: :obj:False)
Returns: Workforce: A new instance of Workforce with the same configuration.

to_mcp

Expose this Workforce as an MCP server. Parameters:
  • name (str): Name of the MCP server. (default: :obj:CAMEL-Workforce)
  • description (str): Description of the workforce. If None, a generic description is used. (default: :obj:A workforce system using the CAMEL AI framework for multi-agent collaboration.)
  • dependencies (Optional[List[str]]): Additional dependencies for the MCP server. (default: :obj:None)
  • host (str): Host to bind to for HTTP transport. (default: :obj:localhost)
  • port (int): Port to bind to for HTTP transport. (default: :obj:8001)
Returns: FastMCP: An MCP server instance that can be run.